Global Mill Liner Market Research Report 2021
- Published Date : 23-06-2021
- Pages : 92
- Report Id : 37401
- Categories : Manufacturing
This report studies the global Mill Liner market status and forecast, categorizes the global Mill Liner market size (value & volume) by manufacturers, type, application, and region. This report focuses on the top manufacturers in North America, Europe, Japan, China, and other regions (India, Southeast Asia, Central & South America, and Middle East & Africa).
The global Mill Liner market is valued at xx million US$ in 2020 and will reach xx million US$ by the end of 2027, growing at a CAGR of xx% during 2021-2027.
The major manufacturers covered in this report
Me Elecmetal
Flsmidth
Trelleborg
Weir Group
Magotteaux
Rema Tip Top
Bradken
Multotec
Polycorp
Honyu Material
Tega Industries
Fengxing
Teknikum
Geographically, this report studies the top producers and consumers, focuses on product capacity, production, value, consumption, market share and growth opportunity in these key regions, covering
North America
Europe
China
Japan
Southeast Asia
India
We can also provide the customized separate regional or country-level reports, for the following regions:
North America
United States
Canada
Mexico
Asia-Pacific
China
India
Japan
South Korea
Australia
Indonesia
Singapore
Rest of Asia-Pacific
Europe
Germany
France
UK
Italy
Spain
Russia
Rest of Europe
Central & South America
Brazil
Argentina
Rest of South America
Middle East & Africa
Saudi Arabia
Turkey
Rest of Middle East & Africa
On the basis of product, this report displays the production, revenue, price, market share and growth rate of each type, primarily split into
Metal Mill Liner
Rubber Mill Liner
Others
On the basis of the end users/applications, this report focuses on the status and outlook for major applications/end users, consumption (sales), market share and growth rate for each application, including
Cement Industry
Mining
Thermal Power
Others
The study objectives of this report are:
To analyze and study the global Mill Liner capacity, production, value, consumption, status (2016-2020) and forecast (2021-2027);
Focuses on the key Mill Liner manufacturers, to study the capacity, production, value, market share and development plans in future.
Focuses on the global key manufacturers, to define, describe and analyze the market competition landscape, SWOT analysis.
To define, describe and forecast the market by type, application and region.
To analyze the global and key regions market potential and advantage, opportunity and challenge, restraints and risks.
To identify significant trends and factors driving or inhibiting the market growth.
To analyze the opportunities in the market for stakeholders by identifying the high growth segments.
To strategically analyze each submarket with respect to individual growth trend and their contribution to the market
To analyze competitive developments such as expansions, agreements, new product launches, and acquisitions in the market
To strategically profile the key players and comprehensively analyze their growth strategies.
In this study, the years considered to estimate the market size of Mill Liner are as follows:
History Year: 2016-2020
Base Year: 2020
Estimated Year: 2021
Forecast Year 2021 to 2027
For the data information by region, company, type and application, 2020 is considered as the base year. Whenever data information was unavailable for the base year, the prior year has been considered.
Key Stakeholders
Mill Liner Manufacturers
Mill Liner Distributors/Traders/Wholesalers
Mill Liner Subcomponent Manufacturers
Industry Association
Downstream Vendors
Available Customizations
With the given market data, QYResearch offers customizations according to the company's specific needs. The following customization options are available for the report:
Regional and country-level analysis of the Mill Liner market, by end-use.
Detailed analysis and profiles of additional market players.
Table of Contents
Global Mill Liner Market Research Report 2021
1 Mill Liner Market Overview
1.1 Product Overview and Scope of Mill Liner
1.2 Mill Liner Segment by Type (Product Category)
1.2.1 Global Mill Liner Production and CAGR (%) Comparison by Type (Product Category)( 2016-2027)
1.2.2 Global Mill Liner Production Market Share by Type (Product Category) in 2020
1.2.3 Metal Mill Liner
1.2.4 Rubber Mill Liner
1.2.5 Others
1.3 Global Mill Liner Segment by Application
1.3.1 Mill Liner Consumption (Sales) Comparison by Application ( 2016-2027)
1.3.2 Cement Industry
1.3.3 Mining
1.3.4 Thermal Power
1.3.5 Others
1.4 Global Mill Liner Market by Region ( 2016-2027)
1.4.1 Global Mill Liner Market Size (Value) and CAGR (%) Comparison by Region ( 2016-2027)
1.4.2 North America Status and Prospect ( 2016-2027)
1.4.3 Europe Status and Prospect ( 2016-2027)
1.4.4 China Status and Prospect ( 2016-2027)
1.4.5 Japan Status and Prospect ( 2016-2027)
1.4.6 Southeast Asia Status and Prospect ( 2016-2027)
1.4.7 India Status and Prospect ( 2016-2027)
1.5 Global Market Size (Value) of Mill Liner ( 2016-2027)
1.5.1 Global Mill Liner Revenue Status and Outlook ( 2016-2027)
1.5.2 Global Mill Liner Capacity, Production Status and Outlook ( 2016-2027)
2 Global Mill Liner Market Competition by Manufacturers
2.1 Global Mill Liner Capacity, Production and Share by Manufacturers ( 2016-2021)
2.1.1 Global Mill Liner Capacity and Share by Manufacturers ( 2016-2021)
2.1.2 Global Mill Liner Production and Share by Manufacturers ( 2016-2021)
2.2 Global Mill Liner Revenue and Share by Manufacturers ( 2016-2021)
2.3 Global Mill Liner Average Price by Manufacturers ( 2016-2021)
2.4 Manufacturers Mill Liner Manufacturing Base Distribution, Sales Area and Product Type
2.5 Mill Liner Market Competitive Situation and Trends
2.5.1 Mill Liner Market Concentration Rate
2.5.2 Mill Liner Market Share of Top 3 and Top 5 Manufacturers
2.5.3 Mergers & Acquisitions, Expansion
3 Global Mill Liner Capacity, Production, Revenue (Value) by Region ( 2016-2021)
3.1 Global Mill Liner Capacity and Market Share by Region ( 2016-2021)
3.2 Global Mill Liner Production and Market Share by Region ( 2016-2021)
3.3 Global Mill Liner Revenue (Value) and Market Share by Region ( 2016-2021)
3.4 Global Mill Liner Capacity, Production, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin ( 2016-2021)
3.5 North America Mill Liner Capacity, Production, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin ( 2016-2021)
3.6 Europe Mill Liner Capacity, Production, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin ( 2016-2021)
3.7 China Mill Liner Capacity, Production, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin ( 2016-2021)
3.8 Japan Mill Liner Capacity, Production, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin ( 2016-2021)
3.9 Southeast Asia Mill Liner Capacity, Production, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin ( 2016-2021)
3.10 India Mill Liner Capacity, Production, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin ( 2016-2021)
4 Global Mill Liner Supply (Production), Consumption, Export, Import by Region ( 2016-2021)
4.1 Global Mill Liner Consumption by Region ( 2016-2021)
4.2 North America Mill Liner Production, Consumption, Export, Import ( 2016-2021)
4.3 Europe Mill Liner Production, Consumption, Export, Import ( 2016-2021)
4.4 China Mill Liner Production, Consumption, Export, Import ( 2016-2021)
4.5 Japan Mill Liner Production, Consumption, Export, Import ( 2016-2021)
4.6 Southeast Asia Mill Liner Production, Consumption, Export, Import ( 2016-2021)
4.7 India Mill Liner Production, Consumption, Export, Import ( 2016-2021)
5 Global Mill Liner Production, Revenue (Value), Price Trend by Type
5.1 Global Mill Liner Production and Market Share by Type ( 2016-2021)
5.2 Global Mill Liner Revenue and Market Share by Type ( 2016-2021)
5.3 Global Mill Liner Price by Type ( 2016-2021)
5.4 Global Mill Liner Production Growth by Type ( 2016-2021)
6 Global Mill Liner Market Analysis by Application
6.1 Global Mill Liner Consumption and Market Share by Application ( 2016-2021)
6.2 Global Mill Liner Consumption Growth Rate by Application ( 2016-2021)
6.3 Market Drivers and Opportunities
6.3.1 Potential Applications
6.3.2 Emerging Markets/Countries
7 Global Mill Liner Manufacturers Profiles/Analysis
7.1 Me Elecmetal
7.1.1 Company Basic Information, Manufacturing Base, Sales Area and Its Competitors
7.1.2 Mill Liner Product Category, Application and Specification
7.1.2.1 Product A
7.1.2.2 Product B
7.1.3 Me Elecmetal Mill Liner Capacity, Production, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin ( 2016-2021)
7.1.4 Main Business/Business Overview
7.2 Flsmidth
7.2.1 Company Basic Information, Manufacturing Base, Sales Area and Its Competitors
7.2.2 Mill Liner Product Category, Application and Specification
7.2.2.1 Product A
7.2.2.2 Product B
7.2.3 Flsmidth Mill Liner Capacity, Production, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin ( 2016-2021)
7.2.4 Main Business/Business Overview
7.3 Trelleborg
7.3.1 Company Basic Information, Manufacturing Base, Sales Area and Its Competitors
7.3.2 Mill Liner Product Category, Application and Specification
7.3.2.1 Product A
7.3.2.2 Product B
7.3.3 Trelleborg Mill Liner Capacity, Production, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin ( 2016-2021)
7.3.4 Main Business/Business Overview
7.4 Weir Group
7.4.1 Company Basic Information, Manufacturing Base, Sales Area and Its Competitors
7.4.2 Mill Liner Product Category, Application and Specification
7.4.2.1 Product A
7.4.2.2 Product B
7.4.3 Weir Group Mill Liner Capacity, Production, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin ( 2016-2021)
7.4.4 Main Business/Business Overview
7.5 Magotteaux
7.5.1 Company Basic Information, Manufacturing Base, Sales Area and Its Competitors
7.5.2 Mill Liner Product Category, Application and Specification
7.5.2.1 Product A
7.5.2.2 Product B
7.5.3 Magotteaux Mill Liner Capacity, Production, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2015-2021)
7.5.4 Main Business/Business Overview
7.6 Rema Tip Top
7.6.1 Company Basic Information, Manufacturing Base, Sales Area and Its Competitors
7.6.2 Mill Liner Product Category, Application and Specification
7.6.2.1 Product A
7.6.2.2 Product B
7.6.3 Rema Tip Top Mill Liner Capacity, Production, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin ( 2016-2021)
7.6.4 Main Business/Business Overview
7.7 Bradken
7.7.1 Company Basic Information, Manufacturing Base, Sales Area and Its Competitors
7.7.2 Mill Liner Product Category, Application and Specification
7.7.2.1 Product A
7.7.2.2 Product B
7.7.3 Bradken Mill Liner Capacity, Production, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin ( 2016-2021)
7.7.4 Main Business/Business Overview
7.8 Multotec
7.8.1 Company Basic Information, Manufacturing Base, Sales Area and Its Competitors
7.8.2 Mill Liner Product Category, Application and Specification
7.8.2.1 Product A
7.8.2.2 Product B
7.8.3 Multotec Mill Liner Capacity, Production, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin ( 2016-2021)
7.8.4 Main Business/Business Overview
7.9 Polycorp
7.9.1 Company Basic Information, Manufacturing Base, Sales Area and Its Competitors
7.9.2 Mill Liner Product Category, Application and Specification
7.9.2.1 Product A
7.9.2.2 Product B
7.9.3 Polycorp Mill Liner Capacity, Production, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin ( 2016-2021)
7.9.4 Main Business/Business Overview
7.8 Honyu Material
7.10.1 Company Basic Information, Manufacturing Base, Sales Area and Its Competitors
7.10.2 Mill Liner Product Category, Application and Specification
7.10.2.1 Product A
7.10.2.2 Product B
7.10.3 Honyu Material Mill Liner Capacity, Production, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin ( 2016-2021)
7.10.4 Main Business/Business Overview
7.11 Tega Industries
7.12 Fengxing
7.13 Teknikum
8 Mill Liner Manufacturing Cost Analysis
8.1 Mill Liner Key Raw Materials Analysis
8.1.1 Key Raw Materials
8.1.2 Price Trend of Key Raw Materials
8.1.3 Key Suppliers of Raw Materials
8.1.4 Market Concentration Rate of Raw Materials
8.2 Proportion of Manufacturing Cost Structure
8.2.1 Raw Materials
8.2.2 Labor Cost
8.2.3 Manufacturing Expenses
8.3 Manufacturing Process Analysis of Mill Liner
9 Industrial Chain, Sourcing Strategy and Downstream Buyers
9.1 Mill Liner Industrial Chain Analysis
9.2 Upstream Raw Materials Sourcing
9.3 Raw Materials Sources of Mill Liner Major Manufacturers in 2020
9.4 Downstream Buyers
10 Marketing Strategy Analysis, Distributors/Traders
10.1 Marketing Channel
10.1.1 Direct Marketing
10.1.2 Indirect Marketing
10.1.3 Marketing Channel Development Trend
10.2 Market Positioning
10.2.1 Pricing Strategy
10.2.2 Brand Strategy
10.2.3 Target Client
10.3 Distributors/Traders List
11 Market Effect Factors Analysis
11.1 Technology Progress/Risk
11.1.1 Substitutes Threat
11.1.2 Technology Progress in Related Industry
11.2 Consumer Needs/Customer Preference Change
11.3 Economic/Political Environmental Change
12 Global Mill Liner Market Forecast ( 2021-2027)
12.1 Global Mill Liner Capacity, Production, Revenue Forecast ( 2021-2027)
12.1.1 Global Mill Liner Capacity, Production and Growth Rate Forecast ( 2021-2027)
12.1.2 Global Mill Liner Revenue and Growth Rate Forecast ( 2021-2027)
12.1.3 Global Mill Liner Price and Trend Forecast ( 2021-2027)
12.2 Global Mill Liner Production, Consumption , Import and Export Forecast by Region ( 2021-2027)
12.2.1 North America Mill Liner Production, Revenue, Consumption, Export and Import Forecast ( 2021-2027)
12.2.2 Europe Mill Liner Production, Revenue, Consumption, Export and Import Forecast ( 2021-2027)
12.2.3 China Mill Liner Production, Revenue, Consumption, Export and Import Forecast ( 2021-2027)
12.2.4 Japan Mill Liner Production, Revenue, Consumption, Export and Import Forecast ( 2021-2027)
12.2.5 Southeast Asia Mill Liner Production, Revenue, Consumption, Export and Import Forecast ( 2021-2027)
12.2.6 India Mill Liner Production, Revenue, Consumption, Export and Import Forecast ( 2021-2027)
12.3 Global Mill Liner Production, Revenue and Price Forecast by Type ( 2021-2027)
12.4 Global Mill Liner Consumption Forecast by Application ( 2021-2027)
13 Research Findings and Conclusion
14 Appendix
14.1 Methodology/Research Approach
14.1.1 Research Programs/Design
14.1.2 Market Size Estimation
14.1.3 Market Breakdown and Data Triangulation
14.2 Data Source
14.2.1 Secondary Sources
14.2.2 Primary Sources
14.3 Disclaimer
List of Tables and Figures
Figure Picture of Mill Liner
Figure Global Mill Liner Production () and CAGR (%) Comparison by Types (Product Category) ( 2016-2027)
Figure Global Mill Liner Production Market Share by Types (Product Category) in 2020
Figure Product Picture of Metal Mill Liner
Table Major Manufacturers of Metal Mill Liner
Figure Product Picture of Rubber Mill Liner
Table Major Manufacturers of Rubber Mill Liner
Figure Product Picture of Others
Table Major Manufacturers of Others
Figure Global Mill Liner Consumption (K MT) by Applications ( 2016-2027)
Figure Global Mill Liner Consumption Market Share by Applications in 2020
Figure Cement Industry Examples
Table Key Downstream Customer in Cement Industry
Figure Mining Examples
Table Key Downstream Customer in Mining
Figure Thermal Power Examples
Table Key Downstream Customer in Thermal Power
Figure Others Examples
Table Key Downstream Customer in Others
Figure Global Mill Liner Market Size (Million USD), Comparison (K MT) and CAGR (%) by Regions ( 2016-2027)
Figure North America Mill Liner Revenue (Million USD) and Growth Rate ( 2016-2027)
Figure Europe Mill Liner Revenue (Million USD) and Growth Rate ( 2016-2027)
Figure China Mill Liner Revenue (Million USD) and Growth Rate ( 2016-2027)
Figure Japan Mill Liner Revenue (Million USD) and Growth Rate ( 2016-2027)
Figure Southeast Asia Mill Liner Revenue (Million USD) and Growth Rate ( 2016-2027)
Figure India Mill Liner Revenue (Million USD) and Growth Rate ( 2016-2027)
Figure Global Mill Liner Revenue (Million USD) Status and Outlook ( 2016-2027)
Figure Global Mill Liner Capacity, Production (K MT) Status and Outlook ( 2016-2027)
Figure Global Mill Liner Major Players Product Capacity (K MT) ( 2016-2021)
Table Global Mill Liner Capacity (K MT) of Key Manufacturers ( 2016-2021)
Table Global Mill Liner Capacity Market Share of Key Manufacturers ( 2016-2021)
Figure Global Mill Liner Capacity (K MT) of Key Manufacturers in 2020
Figure Global Mill Liner Capacity (K MT) of Key Manufacturers in 2021
Figure Global Mill Liner Major Players Product Production (K MT) ( 2016-2021)
Table Global Mill Liner Production (K MT) of Key Manufacturers ( 2016-2021)
Table Global Mill Liner Production Share by Manufacturers ( 2016-2021)
Figure 2020 Mill Liner Production Share by Manufacturers
Figure 2020 Mill Liner Production Share by Manufacturers
Figure Global Mill Liner Major Players Product Revenue (Million USD) ( 2016-2021)
Table Global Mill Liner Revenue (Million USD) by Manufacturers ( 2016-2021)
Table Global Mill Liner Revenue Share by Manufacturers ( 2016-2021)
Table 2020 Global Mill Liner Revenue Share by Manufacturers
Table 2021 Global Mill Liner Revenue Share by Manufacturers
Table Global Market Mill Liner Average Price (USD/MT) of Key Manufacturers ( 2016-2021)
Figure Global Market Mill Liner Average Price (USD/MT) of Key Manufacturers in 2020
Table Manufacturers Mill Liner Manufacturing Base Distribution and Sales Area
Table Manufacturers Mill Liner Product Category
Figure Mill Liner Market Share of Top 3 Manufacturers
Figure Mill Liner Market Share of Top 5 Manufacturers
Table Global Mill Liner Capacity (K MT) by Region ( 2016-2021)
Figure Global Mill Liner Capacity Market Share by Region ( 2016-2021)
Figure Global Mill Liner Capacity Market Share by Region ( 2016-2021)
Figure 2020 Global Mill Liner Capacity Market Share by Region
Table Global Mill Liner Production by Region ( 2016-2021)
Figure Global Mill Liner Production (K MT) by Region ( 2016-2021)
Figure Global Mill Liner Production Market Share by Region ( 2016-2021)
Figure 2020 Global Mill Liner Production Market Share by Region
Table Global Mill Liner Revenue (Million USD) by Region ( 2016-2021)
Table Global Mill Liner Revenue Market Share by Region ( 2016-2021)
Figure Global Mill Liner Revenue Market Share by Region ( 2016-2021)
Table 2020 Global Mill Liner Revenue Market Share by Region
Figure Global Mill Liner Capacity, Production (K MT) and Growth Rate ( 2016-2021)
Table Global Mill Liner Capacity, Production (K MT), Revenue (Million USD), Price (USD/MT) and Gross Margin ( 2016-2021)
Table North America Mill Liner Capacity, Production (K MT), Revenue (Million USD), Price (USD/MT) and Gross Margin ( 2016-2021)
Table Europe Mill Liner Capacity, Production (K MT), Revenue (Million USD), Price (USD/MT) and Gross Margin ( 2016-2021)
Table China Mill Liner Capacity, Production (K MT), Revenue (Million USD), Price (USD/MT) and Gross Margin ( 2016-2021)
Table Japan Mill Liner Capacity, Production (K MT), Revenue (Million USD), Price (USD/MT) and Gross Margin ( 2016-2021)
Table Southeast Asia Mill Liner Capacity, Production (K MT), Revenue (Million USD), Price (USD/MT) and Gross Margin ( 2016-2021)
Table India Mill Liner Capacity, Production (K MT), Revenue (Million USD), Price (USD/MT) and Gross Margin ( 2016-2021)
Table Global Mill Liner Consumption (K MT) Market by Region ( 2016-2021)
Table Global Mill Liner Consumption Market Share by Region ( 2016-2021)
Figure Global Mill Liner Consumption Market Share by Region ( 2016-2021)
Figure 2020 Global Mill Liner Consumption (K MT) Market Share by Region
Table North America Mill Liner Production, Consumption, Import & Export (K MT) ( 2016-2021)
Table Europe Mill Liner Production, Consumption, Import & Export (K MT) ( 2016-2021)
Table China Mill Liner Production, Consumption, Import & Export (K MT) ( 2016-2021)
Table Japan Mill Liner Production, Consumption, Import & Export (K MT) ( 2016-2021)
Table Southeast Asia Mill Liner Production, Consumption, Import & Export (K MT) ( 2016-2021)
Table India Mill Liner Production, Consumption, Import & Export (K MT) ( 2016-2021)
Table Global Mill Liner Production (K MT) by Type ( 2016-2021)
Table Global Mill Liner Production Share by Type ( 2016-2021)
Figure Production Market Share of Mill Liner by Type ( 2016-2021)
Figure 2020 Production Market Share of Mill Liner by Type
Table Global Mill Liner Revenue (Million USD) by Type ( 2016-2021)
Table Global Mill Liner Revenue Share by Type ( 2016-2021)
Figure Production Revenue Share of Mill Liner by Type ( 2016-2021)
Figure 2020 Revenue Market Share of Mill Liner by Type
Table Global Mill Liner Price (USD/MT) by Type ( 2016-2021)
Figure Global Mill Liner Production Growth by Type ( 2016-2021)
Table Global Mill Liner Consumption (K MT) by Application ( 2016-2021)
Table Global Mill Liner Consumption Market Share by Application ( 2016-2021)
Figure Global Mill Liner Consumption Market Share by Applications ( 2016-2021)
Figure Global Mill Liner Consumption Market Share by Application in 2020
Table Global Mill Liner Consumption Growth Rate by Application ( 2016-2021)
Figure Global Mill Liner Consumption Growth Rate by Application ( 2016-2021)
Table Me Elecmetal Basic Information, Manufacturing Base, Sales Area and Its Competitors
Table Me Elecmetal Mill Liner Capacity, Production (K MT), Revenue (Million USD), Price (USD/MT) and Gross Margin ( 2016-2021)
Figure Me Elecmetal Mill Liner Production Growth Rate ( 2016-2021)
Figure Me Elecmetal Mill Liner Production Market Share ( 2016-2021)
Figure Me Elecmetal Mill Liner Revenue Market Share ( 2016-2021)
Table Flsmidth Basic Information, Manufacturing Base, Sales Area and Its Competitors
Table Flsmidth Mill Liner Capacity, Production (K MT), Revenue (Million USD), Price (USD/MT) and Gross Margin ( 2016-2021)
Figure Flsmidth Mill Liner Production Growth Rate ( 2016-2021)
Figure Flsmidth Mill Liner Production Market Share ( 2016-2021)
Figure Flsmidth Mill Liner Revenue Market Share ( 2016-2021)
Table Trelleborg Basic Information, Manufacturing Base, Sales Area and Its Competitors
Table Trelleborg Mill Liner Capacity, Production (K MT), Revenue (Million USD), Price (USD/MT) and Gross Margin ( 2016-2021)
Figure Trelleborg Mill Liner Production Growth Rate ( 2016-2021)
Figure Trelleborg Mill Liner Production Market Share ( 2016-2021)
Figure Trelleborg Mill Liner Revenue Market Share ( 2016-2021)
Table Weir Group Basic Information, Manufacturing Base, Sales Area and Its Competitors
Table Weir Group Mill Liner Capacity, Production (K MT), Revenue (Million USD), Price (USD/MT) and Gross Margin ( 2016-2021)
Figure Weir Group Mill Liner Production Growth Rate
Direct Purchase
Your perfect start with Research AlliedWant to customize this report?
This report can be customized according to your requirements. Our analysts and industry experts will work directly with you to understand your requirements and provide you with customized data in a short amount of time.
Avail PDF Sample Reports
You may also be lnterested in..
Research Allied ™ Copyright © 2025 .