This report studies the consumption and production of silica sand in Japan market, focusing on the status and forecast of silica sand.
In 2020, the consumption of silica sand in Japan market was 6.88 million tons and will be 8.18 million tons in 2027; while the revenue was 329 million USD in 2020 and will reach 424 million USD in 2027, with a CAGR of 3.3% between 2021 and 2027. The market is being dominated by few Japanese players like Mitsubishi, Toyota Tsusho, Tochu, Tokai Kogyo and JFE Mineral.
In terms of production of silica sand in Japan, the production was 2.73 million tons in 2020 and the production will be 2.45 million tons in 2027, due to lack of good silica reserves.
Japan lacks its own good silica reserves by the nature of its geology, primarily volcanic arc mountains. Japan relies heavily on imported silica sand for glass making, especially imports silica sand from Australia, over 50% of imported volume. In addition, the Vietnam, Malaysia, China, Taiwan, USA, Indonesia and other countries, also are import source of silica sand, occupying for the rest import source.
Japan also manufactures the silica sand domestically, with approximately 41% of consumption volume from the local factories, operated by Tochu, Tokai Kogyo, JFE Mineral and Toyoura Keiseki Kogyo etc. Mitsubishi and Toyota Tsusho are two import suppliers for Japan and Asia market, from their plants in Australia, Malaysia and Vietnam, especially the Mitsubishiâ s Cape Flattery silica sand operation in North Queensland, about 2 million tons of silica sand annually are shipped from the Site to Japan as well as South Korea, Taiwan, the Philippines and other countries in Asia.
The global market also affects the production and consumption of silica sand in Japan market, especially the market in Australia, USA and China, the consumption and production in the three countries, can influence on the price of silica sand into Japan market. In few future years, the price of silica sand will show a trend of fluctuations.
The Japan market will maintain a steady demand on the silica sand, tilted slightly to the downside, due to the downstream competition of glass making and casting, from China, India and Southeast Asia.
Top suppliers in Japan, covering
Mitsubishi (Japan)
Toyota Tsusho (Japan)
Tochu (Japan)
Tokai Kogyo (Japan)
JFE Mineral (Japan)
Toyoura Keiseki Kogyo (Japan)
Sibelco (Belgium)
U.S. Silica (US)
Chin Ching Group (Taiwan)
Premier Silica (US)
Minco Corp (Vietnam)
FiCO (Vietnam)
On the basis of product, the Silica Sand market is primarily split into
Glass Grade Silica Sand
Foundry Silica Sand
Others
On the basis on the end users/applications, this report covers
Glass Manufacturing
Foundry/Casting
Construction
Chemical Production
Paint and Coatings
Others
Table of Contents
1 Industry Overview of Silica Sand 1
1.1 Definition and Specifications of Silica Sand 1
1.2 Classification of Silica Sand 2
1.2.1 Glass-grade Silica Sand 2
1.2.2 Foundry Silica Sand 3
1.2.3 Others 4
1.3 Applications of Silica Sand 4
1.3.1 Glass Manufacturing 4
1.3.2 Foundry/Casting 5
1.3.3 Construction 6
1.3.4 Chemical Production 7
1.3.5 Paint and Coatings 8
1.4 Industry Chain Structure of Silica Sand 9
1.5 Industry Policy Analysis of Silica Sand 10
1.6 Industry News Analysis of Silica Sand 11
2 Manufacturing Cost Structure Analysis of Silica Sand 14
2.1 Bill of Materials (BOM) of Silica Sand 14
2.2 Major Equipment Analysis of Silica Sand 14
2.3 Labor Cost Analysis of Silica Sand 16
2.4 Manufacturing Cost Structure Analysis of Silica Sand 17
2.5 Manufacturing Process Analysis of Silica Sand 18
3 Manufacturing Plants Distribution and Product Type 19
3.1 Commercial Production Date of Key Players in Japan Market 19
3.2 Manufacturing Plants Distribution of Key Silica Sand Manufacturers in Japan Market 19
3.3 Product Types of Silica Sand Key Suppliers in Japan Market 20
4 Production and Production Value Analysis of Silica Sand in Japan 21
4.1 Production and Production Value of Silica Sand in Japan 21
4.2 Production and Production Value of Silica Sand in Japan by Types 22
4.2.1 Production of Silica Sand in Japan by Types 22
4.2.2 Production Value of Silica Sand in Japan by Types 23
4.3 Production and Production Value of Silica Sand in Japan by Manufacturers 25
4.3.1 Production of Silica Sand in Japan by Manufacturers 25
4.3.2 Production Value of Silica Sand in Japan by Manufacturers 26
4.4 Capacity, Production of Silica Sand in Japan 27
4.5 Price (Ex-Factory) of Silica Sand in Japan 2016-2027F 28
5 Consumption Volume and Consumption Value of Silica Sand in Japan 29
5.1 Consumption Volume of Silica Sand in Japan 2016-2021 29
5.1.1 Consumption Volume of Silica Sand in Japan 2016-2021 29
5.1.2 Consumption Volume of Silica Sand in Japan by Types 2016-2021 29
5.1.3 Consumption Volume of Silica Sand in Japan by Applications 2016-2021 30
5.1.4 Sales of Silica Sand in Japan by Suppliers 2016-2021 32
5.2 Consumption Value of Silica Sand in Japan 2016-2021 34
5.2.1 Consumption Value of Silica Sand in Japan 2016-2021 34
5.2.2 Consumption Value of Silica Sand in Japan by Types 2016-2021 34
5.2.3 Sales Revenue of Silica Sand in Japan by Suppliers 2016-2021 35
5.3 Consumption Price of Silica Sand in Japan 2016-2021 37
6 Import and Export of Silica Sand in Japan 39
6.1 Production, Consumption, Export and Import of Silica Sand in Japan 2016-2021 39
6.2 Import Statistics for Silica Sand into Japan 39
7 Analysis of Silica Sand Industry Key Suppliers 41
7.1 Mitsubishi 41
7.1.1 Company Profile 42
7.1.2 Product Description 43
7.1.3 Sales, Price, Cost, Gross, and Revenue in Japan Market 44
7.1.4 Contact 45
7.2 Toyota Tsusho 46
7.2.1 Company Profile 46
7.2.2 Product Description 47
7.2.3 Sales, Price, Cost, Gross, and Revenue in Japan Market 47
7.2.4 Contact 49
7.3 Tochu 49
7.3.1 Company Profile 49
7.3.2 Product Description 52
7.3.3 Sales, Price, Cost, Gross, and Revenue in Japan Market 55
7.3.4 Contact 56
7.4 Tokai Kogyo 57
7.4.1 Company Profile 57
7.4.2 Product Description 58
7.4.3 Sales, Price, Cost, Gross, and Revenue in Japan Market 60
7.4.4 Contact 61
7.5 JFE Mineral 61
7.5.1 Company Profile 61
7.5.2 Product Description 62
7.5.3 Sales, Price, Cost, Gross, and Revenue in Japan Market 63
7.5.4 Contact 65
7.6 Toyoura Keiseki Kogyo 65
7.6.1 Company Profile 65
7.6.2 Product Description 65
7.6.3 Sales, Price, Cost, Gross, and Revenue in Japan Market 66
7.6.4 Contact 68
7.7 Sibelco (Unimin Corporation, Fairmount Santrol) 68
7.7.1 Company Profile 68
7.7.2 Product Description 70
7.7.3 Sales, Price, Cost, Gross, and Revenue in Japan Market 70
7.7.4 Contact 71
7.8 U.S. Silica 72
7.8.1 Company Profile 72
7.8.2 Product Description 73
7.8.3 Sales, Price, Cost, Gross, and Revenue in Japan Market 73
7.8.4 Contact 74
7.9 Chin Ching Group 75
7.9.1 Company Profile 75
7.9.2 Product Description 76
7.9.3 Sales, Price, Cost, Gross, and Revenue in Japan Market 76
7.9.4 Contact 77
7.10 Premier Silica LLC 78
7.10.1 Company Profile 79
7.10.2 Product Description 80
7.10.3 Sales, Price, Cost, Gross, and Revenue in Japan Market 81
7.10.4 Contact 82
7.11 Minco Corp 82
7.11.1 Company Profile 83
7.11.2 Product Description 83
7.11.3 Sales, Price, Cost, Gross, and Revenue in Japan Market 84
7.11.8 Contact 85
7.12 FiCO 85
7.12.1 Company Profile 86
7.12.2 Product Description 86
7.12.3 Sales, Price, Cost, Gross, and Revenue in Japan Market 87
7.12.4 Contact 88
8 Marketing Trader or Distributor Analysis of Silica Sand 89
8.1 Marketing Channels Status of Silica Sand 89
8.2 Traders or Distributors of Silica Sand with Contact Information 89
9 Development Trend of Silica Sand Industry 2021-2027 90
9.1 Production Forecast of Silica Sand in Japan 2021-2027 90
9.1.1 Capacity, Production and Growth Rate of Silica Sand in Japan 2021-2027 90
9.1.2 Production of Silica Sand in Japan by Types 2021-2027 91
9.2 Consumption Forecast of Silica Sand in Japan 2021-2027 93
9.2.1 Consumption Volume and Value of Silica Sand in Japan 2021-2027 93
9.2.2 Consumption Volume and Value of Silica Sand in Japan 2021-2027 by Type 94
9.2.3 Consumption Volume and Value of Silica Sand in Japan 2021-2027 by Applications 95
9.3 Export and Import Forecast of Silica Sand in Japan 96
10 Industry Chain Suppliers of Silica Sand with Contact Information 97
10.1 Major Raw Materials Suppliers of Silica Sand with Contact Information 97
10.2 Key Consumers of Silica Sand with Contact Information 98
10.3 Supply Chain Relationship Analysis of Silica Sand 98
11 SWOT Analysis of Silica Sand and Macroeconomic Indicators 99
11.1 SWOT Analysis of Silica Sand 99
11.2 Macroeconomic Indicators 99
12 Conclusion of the Japan Silica Sand Industry 2016 Market Research Report 121
Appendix 122
Research Methodology 122
Data Source 122
Disclaimer 124
Author List 125
List of Tables and Figures
Figure Picture of Silica Sand 1
Table Product Specifications of Silica Sand 1
Figure Japan Consumption Market Share of Silica Sand by Product Types in 2020 2
Figure Picture of Glass-grade Silica Sand 3
Figure Picture of Foundry Silica Sand 3
Figure Japan Consumption Market Share of Silica Sand by Applications in 2020 4
Table Seven Types of Glass 5
Figure Picture of Glass Manufacturing 5
Figure Picture of Foundry/Casting 6
Figure Picture of Construction 7
Figure Picture of Chemical Production 8
Figure Picture of Paint and Coatings 9
Figure Industry Chain Structure of Silica Sand 9
Table Industry Policy of Silica Sand 10
Table Industry News List of Silica Sand 11
Table Bill of Materials (BOM) of Silica Sand 14
Table Major Equipment Analysis of Silica Sand 14
Figure: Japan Average Monthly Wages in Manufacturing 16
Table Manufacturing Cost Structure Analysis of Silica Sand in 2020 17
Figure Manufacturing Cost Structure Analysis of Silica Sand in 2020 17
Figure Manufacturing Process Analysis of Silica Sand 18
Table Commercial Production Date of Key Manufacturers in Japan Market 19
Table Manufacturing Plants Distribution of Japan Key Silica Sand Manufacturers 19
Table Product Types of Silica Sand Key Manufacturers in Japan Market 20
Figure Production (K MT) of Silica Sand in Japan 2016-2021 21
Figure Production Value (Million USD) of Silica Sand in Japan 2016-2021 22
Table Production (K MT) of Silica Sand in Japan 2016-2021 by Types 22
Table Production Market Share of Silica Sand in Japan 2016-2021 by Types 22
Figure Production Market Share of Silica Sand in Japan 2016-2021 by Types 23
Figure Production Market Share of Silica Sand in Japan 2020 by Types 23
Table Production Value (Million USD) of Silica Sand in Japan 2016-2021 by Types 23
Table Production Value Market Share of Silica Sand in Japan 2016-2021 by Types 24
Figure Production Value Market Share of Silica Sand in Japan 2016-2021 by Types 24
Figure Production Value Market Share of Silica Sand in Japan 2020 by Types 25
Table Production (K MT) of Silica Sand in Japan 2016-2021 by Manufacturers 25
Table Production Market Share of Silica Sand in Japan 2016-2021 by Manufacturers 25
Figure Production Market Share of Silica Sand in Japan 2020 by Manufacturers 26
Table Production Value (Million USD) of Silica Sand in Japan 2016-2021 by Manufacturers 26
Table Production Value Market Share of Silica Sand in Japan 2016-2021 by Manufacturers 26
Figure Production Value Market Share of Silica Sand in Japan 2020 by Manufacturers 27
Table Capacity (K MT) of Silica Sand in Japan by Manufacturers 27
Figure Capacity, Production (K MT) and Capacity Utilization Rate of Silica Sand in Japan 28
Figure Price (Ex-Factory) Trend of Silica Sand in Japan 2016-2027F 28
Figure Consumption Volume (K MT) of Silica Sand in Japan 2016-2021 29
Table Consumption Volume (K MT) of Silica Sand in Japan by Types 2016-2021 29
Table Consumption Volume Market Share of Silica Sand in Japan by Types 2010- 2021 30
Figure Consumption Volume Market Share of Silica Sand in Japan by Types 2020 30
Table Consumption Volume (K MT) of Silica Sand in Japan by Applications 2016-2021 30
Table Consumption Volume Market Share of Silica Sand in Japan by Applications 2016-2021 31
Figure Consumption Volume Market Share of Silica Sand in Japan by Applications 2020 31
Table Consumption Volume (Sold in Japan) (K MT) of Silica Sand in Japan by Suppliers 2016-2021 32
Table Sales Market Share of Silica Sand in Japan by Suppliers 2016-2021 32
Figure Sales Market Share of Silica Sand in Japan by Suppliers 2020 33
Figure Consumption Value (Million USD) of Silica Sand in Japan 2016-2021 34
Table Consumption Value (Million USD) of Silica Sand in Japan by Types 2016-2021 34
Table Consumption Value Market Share of Silica Sand in Japan by Types 2016-2021 34
Figure Consumption Value Market Share of Silica Sand in Japan by Types 2020 35
Table Sales Revenue (Million USD) of Silica Sand in Japan by Suppliers 2016-2021 35
Table Sales Revenue Market Share of Silica Sand in Japan by Suppliers 2016-2021 36
Figure Sales Revenue Market Share of Silica Sand in Japan by Suppliers 2020 37
Table Consumption Price (USD/MT) of Silica Sand in Japan 2016-2021 by Types 37
Table Consumption Price (USD/MT) of Silica Sand in Japan 2016-2021 by Suppliers 37
Table Production, Consumption, Export and Import (K MT) of Silica Sand in Japan 2016-2021 39
Table Import (K MT) Statistics for Silica Sand into Japan in 2020 39
Figure Import Statistics for Silica Sand into Japan 2020 40
Table Mitsubishi Company Profile 42
Figure Picture of Mitsubishi Silica Sand 43
Table Chemical Analysis of Mitsubishi Silica Sand 43
Table Size Distribution of Mitsubishi Silica Sand 43
Table Silica Sand Sales (K MT), Price (USD/MT), Cost (USD/MT), Gross (USD/MT), Revenue (Million USD) and Gross Margin of Mitsubishi 2016-2021 in Japan Market 44
Figure Silica Sand Sales (K MT) and Growth Rate of Mitsubishi in Japan Market 2016-2021 45
Figure Silica Sand Sales Market Share of Mitsubishi in Japan Market 2016-2021 45
Table Toyota Tsusho Company Profile 46
Figure Silica Sand Description of Toyota Tsusho 47
Table Toyota Tsusho Silica Sand 47
Table Silica Sand Sales (K MT), Price (USD/MT), Cost (USD/MT), Gross (USD/MT), Revenue (Million USD) and Gross Margin of Toyota Tsusho 2016-2021 in Japan Market 47
Figure Silica Sand Sales (K MT) and Growth Rate of Toyota Tsusho in Japan Market 2016-2021 48
Figure Silica Sand Sales Market Share of Toyota Tsusho in Japan Market 2016-2021 48
Table Tochu Company Profile (Contact Information, Plant Location Capacity Revenue etc.) 49
Figure Silica Sand Description of Tochu 53
Table The Granulometry and The Chemical Composition of The Main Silica Sand 54
Table Silica Sand Sales (K MT), Price (USD/MT), Cost (USD/MT), Gross (USD/MT), Revenue (Million USD) and Gross Margin of Tochu 2016-2021 in Japan Market 55
Figure Silica Sand Sales (K MT) and Growth Rate of Tochu in Japan Market 2016-2021 55
Figure Silica Sand Sales Market Share of Tochu in Japan Market 2016-2021 56
Table Tokai Kogyo Company Profile 57
Table Products Type of Vietnam Silica Sand (Tokai Kogyo) 58
Product Specification of VT Series (Tokai Kogyo Vietnam Silica Sand) 58
Product Specification of TH Series (Tokai Kogyo Vietnam Silica Sand) 58
Product Specification of Tokai Kogyo Domestic Silica Sand 59
Figure Silica Sand Description of Tokai Kogyo 59
Table Silica Sand Sales (K MT), Price (USD/MT), Cost (USD/MT), Gross (USD/MT), Revenue (Million USD) and Gross Margin of Tokai Kogyo 2016-2021 in Japan Market 60
Figure Silica Sand Sales (K MT) and Growth Rate of Tokai Kogyo in Japan Market 2016-2021 60
Figure Silica Sand Sales Market Share of Tokai Kogyo in Japan Market 2016-2021 61
Table JFE Mineral Company Profile 62
Table Product Type of Iide Silica Sand (JFE Mineral) 62
Table Product Type of Tochigi Silica Sand (JFE Mineral) 63
Table Silica Sand Sales (K MT), Price (USD/MT), Cost (USD/MT), Gross (USD/MT), Revenue (Million USD) and Gross Margin of JFE Mineral 2016-2021 in Japan Market 63
Figure Silica Sand Sales (K MT) and Growth Rate of JFE Mineral in Japan Market 2016-2021 64
Figure Silica Sand Sales Market Share of JFE Mineral in Japan Market 2016-2021 64
Table Toyoura Keiseki Kogyo Company Profile 65
Table Test Contents of Toyoura Keiseki Kogyo Silica Sand 66
Table Silica Sand Sales (K MT), Price (USD/MT), Cost (USD/MT), Gross (USD/MT), Revenue (Million USD) and Gross Margin of Toyoura Keiseki Kogyo 2016-2021 in Japan Market 66
Figure Silica Sand Sales (K MT) and Growth Rate of Toyoura Keiseki Kogyo in Japan Market 2016-2021 67
Figure Silica Sand Sales Market Share of Toyoura Keiseki Kogyo in Japan Market 2016-2021 67
Table Sibelco Company Profile 69
Figure Silica Sand Description of Sibelco 70
Table Silica Sand Sales (K MT), Price (USD/MT), Cost (USD/MT), Gross (USD/MT), Revenue (Million USD) and Gross Margin of Sibelco 2016-2021 in Japan Market 70
Figure Silica Sand Sales (K MT) and Growth Rate of Sibelco in Japan Market 2016-2021 71
Figure Silica Sand Sales Market Share of Sibelco in Japan Market 2016-2021 71
Table U.S. Silica Company Profile (Contact Information, Plant Location Capacity Revenue etc.) 72
Figure Silica Sand Description of U.S. Silica 73
Table Silica Sand Sales (K MT), Price (USD/MT), Cost (USD/MT), Gross (USD/MT), Revenue (Million USD) and Gross Margin of U.S. Silica 2016-2021 in Japan Market 73
Figure Silica Sand Sales (K MT) and Growth Rate of U.S. Silica in Japan Market 2016-2021 74
Figure Silica Sand Sales Market Share of U.S. Silica in Japan Market 2016-2021 74
Table Chin Ching Group Company Profile (Contact Information, Plant Location Capacity Revenue etc.) 75
Figure Silica Sand Description of Chin Ching Group 76
Table Silica Sand Sales (K MT), Price (USD/MT), Cost (USD/MT), Gross (USD/MT), Revenue (Million USD) and Gross Margin of Chin Ching Group 2016-2021 in Japan Market 76
Figure Silica Sand Sales (K MT) and Growth Rate of Chin Ching Group in Japan Market 2016-2021 77
Figure Silica Sand Sales Market Share of Chin Ching Group in Japan Market 2016-2021 77
Table Premier Silica LLC Company Profile (Contact Information, Plant Location Capacity Revenue etc.) 79
Figure Silica Sand Description of Premier Silica LLC 80
Table Silica Sand Sales (K MT), Price (USD/MT), Cost (USD/MT), Gross (USD/MT), Revenue (Million USD) and Gross Margin of Premier Silica LLC 2016-2021 in Japan Market 81
Figure Silica Sand Sales (K MT) and Growth Rate of Premier Silica LLC in Japan Market 2016-2021 81
Figure Silica Sand Sales Market Share of Premier Silica LLC in Japan Market 2016-2021 82
Table Minco Corp. Company Profile (Contact Information, Plant Location Capacity Revenue etc.) 83
Figure Silica Sand Description of Minco Corp. 83
Table Silica Sand Sales (K MT), Price (USD/MT), Cost (USD/MT), Gross (USD/MT), Revenue (Million USD) and Gross Margin of Minco Corp. 2016-2021 in Japan Market 84
Figure Silica Sand Sales (K MT) and Growth Rate of Minco Corp. in Japan Market 2016-2021 84
Figure Silica Sand Sales Market Share of Minco Corp. in Japan Market 2016-2021 85
Table FiCO Company Profile 86
Figure Silica Sand Description of FiCO 86
Table Silica Sand Sales (K MT), Price (USD/MT), Cost (USD/MT), Gross (USD/MT), Revenue (Million USD) and Gross Margin of FiCO 2016-2021 in Japan Market 87
Figure Silica Sand Sales (K MT) and Growth Rate of FiCO in Japan Market 2016-2021 87
Figure Silica Sand Sales Market Share of FiCO in Japan Market 2016-2021 88
Table Traders or Distributors of Silica Sand with Contact Information 89
Figure Capacity (K MT), Production (K MT) and Capacity Utilization Rate of Silica Sand in Japan 2021-2027 90
Figure Production (K MT) and Growth Rate of Silica Sand in Japan 2021-2027 91
Figure Production Value (Million USD) of Silica Sand in Japan 2021-2027 91
Table Production (K MT) of Silica Sand in Japan by Types 2021-2027 91
Figure Production Market Share of Silica Sand in Japan by Types 2021-2027 92
Figure Consumption Volume (K MT) of Silica Sand in Japan 2021-2027 93
Figure Consumption Value (Million USD) of Silica Sand in Japan 2021-2027 93
Table Consumption Volume (K MT) of Silica Sand in Japan 2021-2027 by Type 94
Figure Consumption Volume Market Share of Silica Sand in Japan 2021-2027 by Type 94
Table Consumption Value (Million USD) of Silica Sand in Japan 2021-2027 by Type 94
Figure Consumption Value Market Share of Silica Sand in Japan 2021-2027 by Type 95
Table Consumption Volume (K MT) of Silica Sand in Japan 2021-2027 by Applications 95
Table Export and Import Forecast (K MT) of Silica Sand in Japan 2021-2027 96
Table Major Raw Materials Suppliers of Silica Sand with Contact Information 97
Table Key Consumers of Silica Sand with Contact Information 98
Table Supply Chain Relationship Analysis of Silica Sand 98
Table SWOT Analysis of Silica Sand 99
Figure World GDP by Major Economics 100
Figure: United States GDP and Forecast 101
Figure: United States GDP Annual Growth Rate and Forecast 101
Figure: United States GDP per Capita 102
Figure: US GDP by Industry Pie Chart 102
Figure: United States Composite PMI 103
Figure: United States Manufacturing PMI 103
Figure: United States ISM Non-Manufacturing PMI 104
Figure: United States Service PMI 105
Figure: China GDP and Forecast 105
Figure: China GDP Annual Growth Rate and Forecast 106
Figure: China GDP per Capita 106
Figure: China GDP by Industry Pie Chart 107
Figure: Japan GDP and Forecast 107
Figure: Japan Annual Growth Rate and Forecast 108
Figure: Japan GDP per Capita 108
Figure: Japan GDP by Industry Pie Chart 109
Figure: Australia GDP and Forecast 109
Figure: Australia GDP Annual Growth Rate and Forecast 110
Figure: Australia GDP per Capita 110
Figure: Australia GDP by Industry 111
Figure: United States Composite PMI 111
Figure: United States Manufacturing PMI 112
Figure: United States ISM Non-Manufacturing PMI 113
Figure: United States Service PMI 114
Figure: Japan Composite PMI 115
Figure: Japan Manufacturing PMI 115
Figure: Japan Tankan Index for Large Non-Manufacturing Companies 116
Figure: Japan Services PMI 117
Figure: Austria Commonwealth Bank of Australia Composite PMI Output Index 118
Figure: Australia Manufacturing PMI 118
Figure: Australia Performance Service Index 119
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